Ventilation in special situations
The Ventilation in special situations page has been revised and updated.
Updates
Airway management in critical hypoxia
The Airway management in critical hypoxia or poisoning page has been extensively revised and updated.
Callosal angle and hydrocephalus
The Hydrocephalus page has been updated, including information about the callosal angle in the diagnosis of hydrocephalus.
Anti viral therapy for varicella
The Varicella/Chickenpox page has been updated, including additional information about antiviral therapy.
Scrotal ultrasound
A new segment on scrotal US has been added to the Scrotal emergencies page.
Causes of stroke
The Stroke page has been updated with more contemporary information about the causes of stroke following the publication of the following article. Krishnamurthi, RV, Barker-Collo, S, Parag, V, et al. Stroke Incidence by Major Pathological Type and Ischemic Subtypes in the Auckland Regional Community Stroke Studies. Changes Between 2002 and 2011 2018;49(1):3-10.
Hypoglycaemia
The Hypoglycaemia page has been updated including the addition of tramadol as a potential cause.
Tramadol toxicity
The Opioids page has been updated with additional information about the toxicity of tramadol, especially the risk of hypoglycaemia.
Hepatitis A
A short segment on the treatment of Hepatitis A has been added to the Infectious hepatitis page.
Operative indications for cerebral contusions
The Complications of head trauma page has been revised with updated indications for operative intervention of cerebral contusions.
AV fistula management
The Cerebrovascular trauma page has been updated including the management of AV fistula.
Penetrating head injuries
The Penetrating head injuries page has been updated with information about the management of retained knives and cerebral venous sinus injuries.
Prevention of secondary brain injury
The Prevention of secondary brain injury page has been updated with particular emphasis on the lack of efficacy of hyperventilation and the benefit of decompressive craniectomy following trauma.
Complications of ICP monitoring
The Assessment of intracranial pressure page has been updated, including a short segment on the complications of ICP catheter monitoring.
Extradural and subdural haematoma features
The Extradural and subdural haematoma page has been updated with some additional features of their appearance on CT.
MRI in head trauma
The Investigation of blunt head trauma page has been updated with additional information about the use of MRI following TBI.
PCA infarction in raised ICP
The Assessment of intracranial pressure page has been updated, including the addition of PCA territory infarction as a complication of raised ICP.
Epidemiology of head trauma
A short segment on the epidemiology of head trauma has been added to the Introduction to traumatic brain injury page.
Thrombolysis, clot retrieval and post phlebitic syndrome
The Management of DVT page has been updated with revised information about the role of thrombolysis and clot retrieval in the management of lower limb DVT.
Differential diagnosis of lower limb DVT
The Deep venous thrombosis page has been updated with additional information about how to differentiate a DVT from other causes of lower limb pain.