Snake bite
The Snake bite page has had a number of minor updates.
Updates
Red Bellied Black snake antivenom choice
The Management of snake bite page has been updated, including making it clearer that the first choice antivenom for Red Bellied Black snake envenomation is Tiger antivenom.
Snakes
The Snakes page has been updated with improved wording of various sections.
Red Bellied Black snake
The Snakes page has been updated with additional information about Red Bellied Black snakes.
ADEM
The Encephalitis page has been updated with a revised section on ADEM.
GHB
The section on GHB in the Other sedative hypnotics page has been revised and updated.
Cervical spine injuries in ankylosing spondylitis
The Seronegative arthritis page has been updated with additional information about cervical spine injuries in anklyosing spondylitis.
Ankylosing spondylitis
The Seronegative arthritis page has been updated with some additional information about anklyosing spondylitis.
Cocaine
The Cocaine page has had a number of minor updates.
Amphetamines
The Sympathomimetics page has been updated with some additional information about amphetamines.
TMJ dislocation reduction
The Mandibular trauma page has been updated with additional information about TMJ dislocation reduction.
Preparation for a difficult airway
The Difficult intubation page has been updated with a revised section on preparation for a difficult airway.
Causes of ECG artefacts mimicking arrhythmias
The Introduction to cardiac arrhythmias page has been updated with a short segment on common causes of ECG artefacts mimicking arrhythmias.
Delayed phase anaphylaxis
The Anaphylaxis page has been updated to better emphasise the rarity of delayed phase anaphylaxis in ED patients and to avoid routine long periods of observation for patients with anaphylaxis otherwise improved with therapy.van der Zwet, K. V. M., van Vossen-Treur, D., Venema, E., Guillen, S., & Moore-van Leest, E. J. (2022). Biphasic Allergic Reactions … Read more
Clot retrieval for basilar artery occlusion
The Stroke management page has been updated with additional information about the benefit of clot retrieval for basilar artery occlusion.Tao, C., Nogueira, R. G., Zhu, Y., Sun, J., Han, H., Yuan, G., Wen, C., Zhou, P., Chen, W., Zeng, G., Li, Y., Ma, Z., Yu, C., Su, J., Zhou, Z., Chen, Z., Liao, G., Sun, … Read more
PE and heart rate
Various pages have been updated to re-emphasise that heart rate is only > 100 bpm in about 40% of patients, so it is not a good screening variable. Increasing heart rate, however, is a good indicator of poorer prognosis.Yamashita, Y., Morimoto, T., Takase, T., et al., (2023). Impact of Heart Rate at Diagnosis on Clinical … Read more
Nitrates are not contra-indicated in RV infarction
The Management of ACS page has been updated to more clearly emphasise that nitrates are not contra-indicated in RV infarction, but some caution may be required due to potential hypotension.Wilkinson-Stokes, M., Betson, J., & Sawyer, S. (2022). Adverse events from nitrate administration during right ventricular myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Emerg Med J. … Read more
Capitellum fractures
The Elbow injuries page has been updated with a short segment on capitellum fractures.
Balloon tamponade of oesophageal varices
The Upper GI haemorrhage page has been updated with new segment on balloon tamponade of oesophageal varices.
Shoulder dislocation with associated fracture management
Additional information about the management of shoulder dislocation with associated humeral fractures has been added to the Anterior shoulder dislocation management page.